根据美国疾病预防控制中心(The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)的数据,仅2000年一年美国就有160名14岁或以下儿童(或青少年)死于异物吸入相关的呼吸道阻塞。CDC还特别指出,每一例因异物吸入窒息死亡的案例意味着同时还发生了100多起抢救案例。2001年全美估计有17537名14岁或以下的儿童和青少年因窒息而接受了抢救。
[1]Nonfatal Choking-Related Episodes Among Children --- United States, 2001。
[2]Choking Prevention and First Aid for Infants and Children。
[3][Writing and marking instruments ― Specification for caps to reduce the risk of asphyxiation。
[4]Federico G。 Seifartha, Jason Trianab and Colin G。 Knight.Aspiration of a perforated pen cap: complete tracheal obstruction without radiologic evidence[J]。Annals of Pediatric Surgery, Vol 8, No 1 (2012)。